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Background  To understand the relationship between the  Staphylococcus aureus  infection rate and the reasonable usage of antibiotics, which will help in the effective control of MRSA infection.    Methods  All data were obtained by the application of the nosocomial infection surveillance network. Drug resistance, departmental sources, and isolated sites as well as infection rate variations of  S. aureus  were analyzed in the 7-year period in key departments.    Results  Between 2008 and 2014, 2525 strains of  S. aureus  isolates, mainly from sputum, skin/soft tissue, bloodstreams were collected from several hospital departments including respiratory, burn, brain surgery, orthopedics, ICU, and emergency. During these periods, the resistance rate of  S. aureus  to most drugs, including oxacillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin, showed a tendency to decrease. The resistance to sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim showed the opposite trend ( P  = 0.075) and there were no  S. aureus  strains resistant to linezolid and vancomycin. The MRSA infection rate was different across crucial hospital departments, with the burns department and ICU maintaining a high infection level. Over the 7-year period, both the brain surgery and the emergency departments had an expected upward trend ( P  &lt; 0.05), while the orthopedic department showed a clear downward trend ( P  &lt; 0.05) in MRSA infection rate.    Conclusion  Hospitals should continue to maintain the current pattern of antibiotic administration, while more effective measures should be taken to reduce the high MRSA infection rate in some important hospital departments.

Drug-resistance dynamics of Staphylococcus aureus between 2008 and 2014 at a tertiary teaching hospital, Jiangxi Province, China