English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Background  Acute diarrhea is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children, particularly in those under the age of 5 years.  Rotavirus  is recognized as the leading cause of acute diarrhea in children, however, the contribution of bacterial pathogens as causative agents varies throughout the world. Here we report a hospital-based prospective study to analyze the characteristics of bacterial pathogens associated with acute diarrhea in children under 5 years of age.    Methods  Stool samples were collected from 508 patients with acute diarrhea under 5 years of age who presented at our hospital. Nine pathogens were isolated and identified by culturing, serology or PCR, these included  Salmonella  spp.,  Shigella  spp.,  Vibrio cholerae , diarrheagenic  Escherichia coli  (DEC),  Aeromonas  spp.,  Plesiomonas  spp.,  Vibrio parahaemolyticus ,  Campylobacter  spp. and  Yersinia enterocolitica . Antimicrobial sensitivity tests of these pathogens were conducted. The most commonly detected pathogen,  Salmonella  spp., was further investigated by PCR and sequencing of antibiotic resistance-related genes.    Results  Pathogens were identified in 20.1 % of the 508 samples. The most commonly detected pathogens were  Salmonella  spp. (8.5 %), followed by DEC (4.7 %),  Campylobacter jejuni  (3.0 %) and  Aeromonas  spp. (2.0 %). The resistance rates to ampicillin and tetracycline in  Salmonella  spp. were >60 %, but were <30 % to cephalosporins and quinolones. More than 50 % of DEC strains displayed resistance to ampicillin, cefotaxime and tetracycline, and 60 % of  C. jejuni  strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin but highly sensitive to the other antibiotics. Among 12 cephalosporin-resistant  Salmonella  isolates, TEM-1 and CTX-M-14 determinants were present in two (16.7 %) isolates. PCR screening for plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes revealed  gyrA  mutations in one of three highly quinolone resistant isolates.    Conclusions   Salmonella  spp., DEC,  Campylobacter  spp. and  Aeromonas  spp. were the most commonly detected bacterial pathogens in children under the age of 5 years with acute diarrhea. Our findings indicate that ampicillin and tetracycline are not suitable as first line therapeutic drugs against  Salmonella  spp. Resistance to third generation cephalosporins and quinolones was also detected.  TEM-1  and  CTX-M-14  genetic determinants, and  gyrA  mutations, were the major mechanisms associated with high levels of cephalosporin and quinolone resistance, respectively, in  Salmonella  isolates.

Characteristics of bacterial pathogens associated with acute diarrhea in children under 5 years of age: a hospital-based cross-sectional study