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Background  Methicillin resistant  Staphylococcus aureus  (MRSA) is a major human pathogen associated with nosocomial and community infections. Panton Valentine leukocidin ( PVL ) is considered one of the important virulence factors of  S. aureus  responsible for destruction of white blood cells, necrosis and apoptosis and as a marker of community acquired MRSA. This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of  PVL  genes among MRSA isolates and to check the reliability of  PVL  as marker of community acquired MRSA isolates from Western Nepal.    Methods  A total of 400 strains of  S. aureus  were collected from clinical specimens and various units (Operation Theater, Intensive Care Units) of the hospital and 139 of these had been confirmed as MRSA by previous study. Multiplex PCR was used to detect  mecA  and  PVL  genes. Clinical data as well as antimicrobial susceptibility data was analyzed and compared among  PVL  positive and negative MRSA isolates.    Results  Out of 139 MRSA isolates, 79 (56.8 %) were  PVL  positive. The majority of the community acquired MRSA (90.4 %) were  PVL  positive (Positive predictive value: 94.9 % and negative predictive value: 86.6 %), while  PVL  was detected only in 4 (7.1 %) hospital associated MRSA strains. None of the MRSA isolates from hospital environment was found positive for the  PVL  genes. The majority of the  PVL  positive strains (75.5 %) were isolated from pus samples. Antibiotic resistance among  PVL  negative MRSA isolates was found higher as compared to  PVL  positive MRSA.    Conclusion  Our study showed high prevalence of  PVL  among community acquired MRSA isolates. Absence of  PVL  among MRSA isolates from hospital environment indicates its poor association with hospital acquired MRSA and therefore,  PVL  may be used a marker for community acquired MRSA. This is first study from Nepal, to test  PVL  among MRSA isolates from hospital environment.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1531-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

bmc infectious diseases

Association of Panton Valentine Leukocidin (PVL) genes with methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Western Nepal: a matter of concern for community infections (a hospital based prospective study)