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Background  Our aim was to determine and characterize S. aureus (SA) isolated from infections in newborns for antibiotic resistance, virulence factors, genotypes, epidemiology and antibiotic consumption.    Methods  Prospective surveillance of infections was conducted. Data about antibiotic treatment were analyzed. Antimicrobial susceptibility was assessed. PCR amplification was used to detect resistance and virulence genes. Typing methods such as PFGE, spa-typing and SCCmec were used.    Results  SA was found to be associated with 6.5% of infections. Methicillin-Resistant  Staphylococcus aureus  accounted for 32.8% of SA-infections. An incidence of MRSA-infections was 1.1/1000 newborns. MRSA-infections were diagnosed significantly earlier than MSSA-infections in these newborns (14th day vs. 23rd day (p = 0.0194)). MRSA-infections increased the risk of newborn’s death. Antibiotic consumption in both group was similar, but a high level of glycopeptides-usage for MSSA infections was observed.  In the MRSA group, more strains were resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin and amikacin than in the MSSA group.  Hla  gene was present in 93.9% of strains, and  seg  and  sei  in 65.3% of strains, respectively. One dominant clone was found among the 14 MRSA isolates. Fifteen strains belonging to SCC mec  type IV were spa-t015 and one strain belonging to SCC mec  type V was spa-t011.    Conclusions  Results obtained in the study point at specific epidemiological situation in Polish NICU (more detailed studies are recommended).  High usage of glycopeptides in the MSSA infections treatment indicates the necessity of antimicrobial stewardship improvement and introducing molecular screening for early identification of infections.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-015-0890-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

bmc infectious diseases

Epidemiology, antibiotic consumption and molecular characterisation of Staphylococcus aureus infections – data from the Polish Neonatology Surveillance Network, 2009–2012