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Background  The goal was to determine whether one medical centres’ unique antifungal prophylactic regimen for patients at high risk for invasive candidiasis because of their haematological malignancies, haematopoietic stem cell transplants, or high-dose chemotherapy might lead ultimately to a higher incidence of infection, to increasing fluconazole resistance, or to a shift in the predominant strain of  Candida  in invasive fungal episodes.    Methods  Data were collected retrospectively, for a ten-year period from ONKO-KISS surveillance records, and from hospital, medical, and pharmacy records and then evaluated with respect to incidence of fungal infection episodes, emergence of antifungal drug resistance, and predominance of specific  Candida  strains in isolate cultures. Fisher’s exact test and linear regression were used to compare minimum inhibitory concentrations and to compare the incidence of different  Candida  isolates, respectively.    Results  The incidence of infection remained quite stable over 10 years with a median of 0.67 episodes/1000 bed days. Overall,  Candida glabrata  was the predominant species with 29% followed by  C. albicans  and  C. krusei  (14% each). No significant increment of non-albicans  Candida  species with decreased fluconazole susceptibility was perceived over this decade.    Conclusions  Once weekly administration of 400 mg of fluconazole to prevent candidaemia appears to have no negative impact on the efficacy as a prophylaxis when compared to standard of care (400 mg of fluconazole daily).    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-014-0573-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Weekly use of fluconazole as prophylaxis in haematological patients at risk for invasive candidiasis