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Background  Even though the incidences of hematologic malignancies have received considerable attentions globally, there is paucity of information on patterns of hematologic malignancy in Eritrea. The study was conducted to determine the distribution of various hematologic malignancies among patients who have received bone marrow examination, in the Eritrean National Health Laboratory.    Methods  A retrospective descriptive study design was used to determine the patterns of Hematologic malignancies diagnosed at the Eritrean National Health Laboratory from October 2015 to July 2017.    Results  Out of 207 patients who did bone marrow aspiration 52 patients were hematologic malignancy cases. The male to female ratio was 1:1. The age of the patients ranged from 2 to 80 years. Of the 52 patients 19, were less than 20 years of age and the remaining 33 were 20 years and above. Acute leukemia was the most common hematologic malignancy in the study area. It affected 18 of the cases followed by chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, multiple myeloma, and myeloprofilerative neoplasms. The presenting signs and symptoms in their decreasing frequency were generalized body weakness/fatigue, splenomegaly, fever, anemia, and lymphadenopathy. More than two-third of the patients had total leukocyte count greater than 10,000/μl.    Conclusion  This study shows that hematologic malignancies are not uncommon in Eritrea.

Patterns of bone marrow aspiration confirmed hematological malignancies in Eritrean National Health Laboratory