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Background  Identifying practical and distinguished indicators and influencing factors of male aging may be useful in predicting subsequent aging trends, designing personalized prevention, and improving lifestyle and health.    Methods  A cross-sectional, population-based study was performed in Jiashan County, China in 2016. A total of 690 local male residents, aged 40 to 80 years, were eligible for recruitment. Demographic and lifestyle information was collected through structured interviews. A self-designed head scale, the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short Form (SF-36), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF5), Aging Males’ Symptoms (AMS), and International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) were used. Analysis of variance, local polynomial regression smoothing curves, multiple linear regression, and partial correlation analyses were performed.    Results  All the scales deteriorated with increasing age ( P  < 0.01), especially from the age of 60. The most significant changes between adjacent age groups were found in IIEF5 scores (16.7, 43.5 and 39.4%). Income, nutrition, personality and neighborhood relationship had an effect on SF-36 and AMS after adjusting for age ( P  < 0.01). Furthermore, neighborhood relationship modified the age effect on the head scale score and IIEF5 ( P  = 0.03); nutrition modified the relationship between age and SF-36 ( P  < 0.01).    Conclusions  Recession of reproductive health may be a distinct predictor of male aging. The associations of social inequalities or personality and health offer potential interventions for men’s health in aging. Self-reported scales may limit the precision and more physical fitness tests could be combined for a more precise assessment.

Assessment of the health status of middle-aged and elderly men with head scale, SF-36, IIEF5, AMS, and IPSS