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Background  Amplification of  HER2  gene ( ERBB2 ) and overexpression of HER2 protein on cancer cells are found in 10–26% of gastric cancer (GC) and esophagogastric junction cancer (EGJC). Gene copy number variation (CNV) could be detected in these patients in liquid biopsy and in cancer cells.    Methods  We analysed  HER2  gene CNV used qPCR method in 87 sera collected from GC and EGJC patients before surgical treatment and in 40 sera obtained from healthy donors.  HER2  gene CNV was also assessed in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue. Furthermore, we assessed the number of  HER2  gene copies and HER2 expression in cancer cells using the fluorescent in situ hybridization method (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC).    Results  We found that the  HER2  gene copy number in liquid biopsy was higher in GC and EGJC patients compared to healthy people ( p  = 0.01). Moreover, EGJC patients had higher number of  HER2  gene copies than healthy donors ( p  = 0.0016).  HER2  CNV examination could distinguish healthy individuals and patients with gastric or esophagogastric junction cancers with sensitivity and specificity of 58% and 98% (AUC = 0.707, 95% CI 0.593–0.821,  p  = 0.004). We found that patients with a high copy number of the  HER2  gene in the tumor tissue assessed by qPCR (but not by FISH) have significantly more often a high number of  HER2  gene copies in liquid biopsy ( p  = 0.04).    Conclusions  We suggested that  HER2  testing in liquid biopsy could be used as an auxiliary method to analysis of HER2 status in tumor tissue in gastric or esophagogastric junction cancers.

HER2 gene assessment in liquid biopsy of gastric and esophagogastric junction cancer patients qualified for surgery