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Background  Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) occurs frequently in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and is often diagnosed in the course of a routine patient evaluation and surveillance for liver cancer. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between folate status and portal vein thrombosis.Methods  HCC with PVT patients were 78, HCC without PVT were 60 and control subjects were 70 randomly selected. We evaluate serum and red blood cellular folate, homocysteine, alpha fetal protein cholesterol, triglycerides, prothrombin time.    Results  HCC patients with PVT showed lower levels of serum folate, respect HCC patients without PVT, with an average difference of 1.6 nmol/l  p  < 0.01 (95% CI − 2.54 to − 0.66), red cell folate 33.6 nmol/l  p  < 0.001 (95% CI − 43.64 to − 23.55) and albumin 0.29 g/dl  p  < 0.001 (95% CI − 0.42 to − 0.15); PVT patients displayed higher levels of bilirubin 0.53 mg/dl  p  < 0.001 (95% CI 0.23 to 0.78), INR 0.91  p  < 0.001 (95% CI 0.72 to 1.09), γGT 7.9 IU/l (95% CI 4.14 to 11.65) and homocysteine 4.6 μmol/l  p  < 0.05 (95% CI 0.32 to 8.87)    Conclusion  The low folate concentration and higher levels of homocysteine are associated with the loss of antithrombotic function, and with a more aggressive course of HCC and with a higher change of complications related to portal vein thrombosis

Folate levels in hepatocellular carcinoma patients with portal vein thrombosis