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Background  Being a rare disease, cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis (CMUSE) is easily misdiagnosed as small bowel Crohn’s disease (SBCD).    Aims  This study was aimed to compare clinical features of CMUSE to SBCD.    Methods  Fourteen patients with CMUSE and 61 patients with SBCD were retrospectively analyzed.    Results  Hematochezia was more frequent in CMUSE patients (10, 71.4% vs 23, 37.7%,  P  = 0.022), while diarrhea was more common in SBCD patients (23, 37.7% vs 0, 0.0%,  P  = 0.015). More patients with CMUSE developed intestinal stenosis than with SBCD (14, 100% vs 37, 60.7%,  P  = 0.011). 30 (50.0%) SBCD patients and none CMUSE patients had an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate level ( P  = 0.001). Extra-enteric findings found by computed tomography enterography were significantly more prevalent in SBCD patients than in CMUSE patients (25,71.4% vs 3,25%,  P  = 0.013). Longitudinal ulcers found by endoscopy were more common in SBCD patients (16, 37.2% vs 0, 0.0%,  P  = 0.041), while circumferential ulcers were more common in CMUSE patients (6, 54.6% vs 8, 18.6%,  P  = 0.041). All ulcers observed in CMUSE patients were within mucosal and submucosal layers, but 8 (44.4%) SBCD patients had deep ulcers that reached beyond submucosal layers ( P  = 0.003). Ulcers were located at strictures in 9 (90.0%) CMUSE patients but only in 1 (5.6%) SBCD patient ( P  = 0.000).    Conclusions  Gastrointestinal symptoms, erythrocyte sedimentation rate levels, radiologic, endoscopic and pathologic features help to distinguish CMUSE from SBCD.

Retrospective study of the differential diagnosis between cryptogenic multifocal ulcerous stenosing enteritis and small bowel Crohn’s disease