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Background  Overweight and metabolic problems now add to the burden of illness in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease. We aimed to determine if a program of aerobic and resistance exercise could safely achieve body composition changes in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.    Methods  A randomized, cross-over trial of eight weeks combined aerobic and resistance training on body composition assessed by Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry was performed. Patients in clinical remission and physically inactive with a mean age of 25 ± 6.5 years and Body Mass Index of 28.9 ± 3.8 were recruited from a dedicated Inflammatory Bowel Disease clinic. Serum cytokines were quantified, and microbiota assessed using metagenomic sequencing.    Results  Improved physical fitness was demonstrated in the exercise group by increases in median estimated VO 2max  (Baseline: 43.41mls/kg/min; post-intervention: 46.01mls/kg/min;  p  = 0.03). Improvement in body composition was achieved by the intervention group ( n  = 13) with a median decrease of 2.1% body fat compared with a non-exercising group ( n  = 7) (0.1% increase;  p  = 0.022). Lean tissue mass increased by a median of 1.59 kg and fat mass decreased by a median of 1.52 kg in the exercising group. No patients experienced a deterioration in disease activity scores during the exercise intervention. No clinically significant alterations in the α- and β-diversity of gut microbiota and associated metabolic pathways were evident.    Conclusions  Moderate-intensity combined aerobic and resistance training is safe in physically unfit patients with quiescent Inflammatory Bowel Disease and can quickly achieve favourable body compositional changes without adverse effects.    Trial registration  The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov; Trial number:  NCT02463916 .    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12876-019-0952-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

bmc gastroenterology

Moderate-intensity aerobic and resistance exercise is safe and favorably influences body composition in patients with quiescent Inflammatory Bowel Disease: a randomized controlled cross-over trial