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Background  Unlike western world, gallstones and hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) are among the first two etiologies of acute pancreatitis (AP) in China. But yet, detailed differences in clinical features and outcomes between hypertriglyceridemia and biliary acute pancreatitis have not been well described.    Methods  This retrospective study enrolled 730 acute pancreatitis patients from July 1, 2013 to October 1, 2016 in Jinling Hospital. The causes of the study patients were defined according to specific diagnostic criteria. The clinical features and outcomes of patients with hypertriglyceridemia acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP) and biliary acute pancreatitis (BAP) were compared in terms of general information, disease severity, laboratory data, system complications, local complications, and clinical outcome.    Results  In the enrolled 730 AP patients, 305 (41.8%) were HTG-AP, and 425 (58.2%) were BAP. Compared to BAP, the HTG-AP patients were found to be younger, with higher body mass Index (BMI), and much higher proportion of diabetes, fatty liver and high fat diet. Besides that, HTG-AP patients had significantly higher C-reactive protein (CRP) ( p <0.01) and creatinine ( p  = 0.031), together with more acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) ( p  = 0.039), acute kidney injury (AKI) ( p <0.001), deep venous thrombosis ( p  = 0.008) and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) ( p  = 0.032) in systematic complications. As for local complications, HTG-AP patients had significantly less infected pancreatitis necrosis ( p  = 0.005). However, there was no difference in mortality, hospital duration and costs between the groups.    Conclusion  HTG-AP patients were younger, more male, having high fat diet and with higher BMI compared to BAP patients. The prevalence of AKI/ARDS/DVT/MODS in HTG-AP patients was higher than BAP patients, while BAP patients had a greater possibility in development of infected pancreatitis necrosis (IPN). According to the multivariate analysis, only the complication of AKI was independently related with the etiology of HTG, however, BMI contributes to AKI, ARDS and DVT.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12876-018-0821-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

bmc gastroenterology

Significantly different clinical features between hypertriglyceridemia and biliary acute pancreatitis: a retrospective study of 730 patients from a tertiary center