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Background  Histone deacetylases (HDACs) have been associated with malignant tumor development and progression in humans. HDAC inhibitors (HDACIs) are currently being explored as anti-cancer agents in clinical trials. The present study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of HDAC-1, −2, −4 and −6 protein expression in pancreatic adenocarcinoma.    Methods  HDAC-1, −2, −4 and −6 protein expression was assessed immunohistochemically on 70 pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissue specimens and was statistically analyzed with clinicopathological characteristics and patients’ survival.    Results  Enhanced HDAC-1 expression was significantly associated with increased tumor proliferative capacity ( p  = 0.0238) and borderline with the absence of lymph node metastases ( p  = 0.0632). Elevated HDAC-4 expression was significantly associated with the absence of organ metastases ( p  = 0.0453) and borderline with the absence of lymph node metastases ( p  = 0.0571) and tumor proliferative capacity ( p  = 0.0576). Enhanced HDAC-6 expression was significantly associated with earlier histopathological stage ( p  = 0.0115) and borderline with smaller tumor size ( p  = 0.0864). Pancreatic adenocarcinoma patients with enhanced HDAC-1 and −6 expression showed significantly longer survival times compared to those with low expression ( p  = 0.0022 and  p  = 0.0113, respectively), while a borderline association concerning HDAC-2 expression was noted ( p  = 0.0634).    Conclusions  The present study suggested that HDACs may be implicated in pancreatic malignant disease progression, being considered of clinical utility with potential use as therapeutic targets.

bmc gastroenterology

Histone deacetylase (HDAC)-1, −2, −4 and −6 expression in human pancreatic adenocarcinoma: associations with clinicopathological parameters, tumor proliferative capacity and patients’ survival