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Background  Changning District of Shanghai pioneered in implementing Family Doctor and Medical Insurance Payment Coordination Reform. The survey aimed to assess the effect of the reform to provide a decision-making basis for ensuring the “gatekeeper” role of the family doctor.    Methods  A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a self-designed questionnaire in Changning District of Shanghai during January and February in 2014. Multi-stage random cluster was applied and 3040 residents were selected. Comparisons were made with statistically test between the contracted and non-contracted residents in four policy targeted dimensions, doctor-visiting behavior, health management and status, medical cost control and satisfaction.    Results  Compared with the non-contracted residents, the contracted residents (72.9%) presented a higher prevalence rate of chronic diseases (32.6%), a higher proportion (51.9%) in first-contact in the community health service center and a higher proportion to refer to specialists as well ( P  < 0.001).The result showed that the average annual medical expense were significantly higher than non-contracted residents ( P  < 0.001), however, the difference disappeared after age, medical insurance and other socio-demographic variables were controlled. In terms of self-management of non-communicable diseases and complication prevention, the blood pressure control rate and blood glucose control rate for the contracted group were also higher than the counterparts, reaching up to 85.6 and 72.7% respectively.    Conclusion  The preliminary analysis indicated that the contracted residents performed better in orderly doctor visiting behavior, health management behavior, health status and satisfaction. Follow up survey is necessary to further analyze the policy effect.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12875-019-0949-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

A preliminary effect analysis of family doctor and medical insurance payment coordination reform in Changning District of Shanghai, China