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Background  Temporal trends in clinical composition and outcome in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) are largely unknown, despite considerable advances in heart failure management. We set out to study clinical characteristics and prognosis over time in DCM in Sweden during 2003–2015.    Methods  DCM patients (n = 7873) from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry were divided into three calendar periods of inclusion, 2003–2007 (Period 1, n = 2029), 2008–2011 (Period 2, n = 3363), 2012–2015 (Period 3, n = 2481). The primary outcome was the composite of all-cause death, transplantation and hospitalization during 1 year after inclusion into the registry.    Results  Over the three calendar periods patients were older ( p  = 0.022), the proportion of females increased (mean 22.5%, 26.4%, 27.6%,  p  = 0.0001), left ventricular ejection fraction was higher ( p  = 0.0014), and symptoms by New York Heart Association less severe ( p  < 0.0001). Device (implantable cardioverter defibrillator and/or cardiac resynchronization) therapy increased by 30% over time (mean 11.6%, 12.3%, 15.1%,  p  < 0.0001). The event rates for mortality, and hospitalization were consistently decreasing over calendar periods ( p  < 0.0001 for all), whereas transplantation rate was stable. More advanced physical symptoms correlated with an increased risk of a composite outcome over time ( p  = 0.0043).    Conclusions  From 2003 until 2015, we observed declining mortality and hospitalizations in DCM, paralleled by a continuous change in both demographic profile and therapy in the DCM population in Sweden, towards a less affected phenotype.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12872-021-02124-0.

Temporal trends in outcome and patient characteristics in dilated cardiomyopathy, data from the Swedish Heart Failure Registry 2003–2015