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Background  Tanshinone IIA (TS IIA), a multi-pharmaceutical compound from traditional Chinese herb, is effective for treatment of atherothrombosis. However, the underlying mechanisms of TS IIA-mediated anti-platelet activation effect are still poorly understood. As shown in our previous study, platelet-derived microvesicles (PMVs) generated in response to oxidant insult could activate CD36/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4/Jun N-terminal kinase 2 (CD36/MKK4/JNK2) signals and lead to platelet activation. The present study aims to investigate the effect of TS IIA on platelet activation and the possible mechanisms.    Methods  The production of PMVs induced by Interleukin 6 (IL-6) was detected by flow cytometry. We performed activating studies of platelets with PMVs derived from IL-6–treated platelets (IL-6–PMVs) in vitro. Sometimes, platelet suspensions were incubated with serial concentrations of TS IIA for 15 min before being stimulated with IL-6–PMVs. Expression of platelet integrin α IIb β 3  and CD36 was detected by flow cytometry. Phosphorylation of MKK4 and JNK were detected by immunoblotting.    Results  Here we demonstrated firstly that TS IIA could prevent platelet activation induced by PMVs and down-regulates CD36 and MKK4/JNK2 signaling pathway. CD36 may be the target of atherosclerosis (AS)-related thrombosis.    Conclusions  This study showed the possible mechanisms of TS IIA-mediated anti-platelet activation and may provide a new strategy for the treatment of AS-related thrombosis by targeting platelet CD36.

Tanshinone IIA prevents platelet activation and down-regulates CD36 and MKK4/JNK2 signaling pathway