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Background  The association between patent foramen ovale (PFO) and migraine with aura (MA) is well established. However, the benefits of PFO closure are less certain in patients with migraine without aura (MwoA).    Methods  We systematically searched Pubmed for pertinent clinical studies published from January 2000 to July 2015. The primary end-point was the elimination or significant improvement of migraine symptoms after PFO closure.    Results  Upon screening an initial list of 315 publications, we identified eight studies that included 546 patients. Overall, our analysis indicated a significant improvement of migraine in 81% of MA cases compared to only 63% of MwoA cases. The summary odds ratio was 2.5 (95% confidence interval 1.09–5.73), and the benefits of PFO closure were significantly greater for patients with MA compared to patients with MwoA ( P  = 0.03).    Conclusions  The presence of aura provides a reference standard for the clinical selection of patients with migraine for PFO closure intervention.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12872-017-0644-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Migraine and percutaneous patent foramen ovale closure: a systematic review and meta-analysis