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Background  To examine whether lower insulin sensitivity as determined by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA-%S) was associated with increased left ventricular mass (LVM) and presence of LV diastolic dysfunction at long-term follow-up, independently of body mass index (BMI), in middle-aged, otherwise healthy males.    Methods  Prospective population-based cohort study with a median (IQR) follow-up time of 28 (27–28) years, in which traditional cardiovascular risk factors, including HOMA-%S and BMI, were assessed at baseline, and echocardiographic determination of LVM and LV diastolic function was performed at follow-up. Associations between risk factors and echocardiographic variables were tested using multivariable linear and binary logistic regression.    Results  The study population comprised 247 men with a median (IQR) age of 47 (47–48) years. Mean (SD) BMI was 25.1 +/− 3.0 kg/m 2 , and median (IQR) HOMA-%S was 113.0 (68.3–284.6). Subjects with low insulin sensitivity (lowest HOMA-%S quartile (Q1)) had significantly greater BMI, fasting plasma insulin, and higher fasting blood glucose (FBG) ( p  <0.02 for all). BMI and HOMA-%S were significantly correlated ( r  = −0.383,  p  <0.0001). At follow-up, mean (SD) LVM and LVMI were 202 +/− 61 g and 103 +/− 31 g/m 2 , respectively, whereas median (IQR) E/é was 10 (8–12). Moreover, 36 % had grade 2 or 3 diastolic dysfunction. In multivariable analyses, greater BMI, but not low insulin sensitivity was independently associated with later detection of increased LVM and diastolic dysfunction.    Conclusion  Greater baseline BMI, but not lower insulin sensitivity was independently associated with greater LVM and diastolic dysfunction at long-term follow-up.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12872-015-0165-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

bmc cardiovascular disorders

Greater body mass index is a better predictor of subclinical cardiac damage at long-term follow-up in men than is insulin sensitivity: a prospective, population-based cohort study