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Background  Three tesla (3T) coronary magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) may be optimized using gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCA) such as gadofosveset trisodium. The goal of this study was to evaluate if there is a qualitative or quantitative improvement in the coronary arteries with variation in contrast dose.    Methods  Twenty-eight healthy volunteers were prospectively recruited for coronary MRA at 3T using a steady state injection technique for 3D radial whole-heart image acquisition with retrospective respiratory self-gating (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01853592). Nineteen volunteers completed both single- and double-dose imaging instances (0.03 and 0.06 mmol/kg, respectively). Intra-individual comparison of image quality was assessed by measurement of apparent signal/contrast-to-noise ratio (aSNR/aCNR) and subjective evaluation of image quality by 2 independent reviewers.    Results  The average duration of coronary MRA acquisition was 7.2 ± 1.2 min. There was significantly higher (60 %,  p  < 0.001) aSNR of the aorta and right/left ventricle for the double dose compared to single dose injection scheme and aSNR of the coronary arteries increased by 70 % ( p  < 0.001) for the double dose injection. aCNR increased by +55 % and +60 % in the ventricles and coronary arteries, respectively ( p  < 0.001). Overall segmental artery visualization for single dose was possible 47 % of the time, which improved to 60 % with double dose ( p  = 0.019), predominantly driven by improvements in more distal segment visualization (+40 % improvement in mid arterial segments,  p  = 0.013).    Conclusions  Gadofosveset trisodium dose of 0.06 mmol/kg significantly quantitatively and qualitatively improves the coronary artery image quality compared to 0.03 mmol/kg at 3T for moderate duration (6–8 min) steady state contrast enhanced coronary MRA.

Part 2 – Coronary angiography with gadofosveset trisodium: a prospective intra-subject comparison for dose optimization for 100 % efficiency imaging