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Background There is a lack of reports in the literature regarding changes in radial artery blood flow after decannulation. The objective of this study was to investigate changes in radial and ulnar artery blood flow after radial artery decannulation using Doppler ultrasound and to explore the factors that influence radial artery blood flow recovery. Methods In current observational study, we used colour Doppler ultrasound to measure the cross-sectional area of the radial (S R ) and ulnar artery (S U ) and peak systolic velocity of the radial (PSV R ) and ulnar artery (PSV U ) for both hands at four time points in patients with radial artery cannulation: pre-cannulation (T0), 30 min after decannulation (T1), 24 h after decannulation (T2), and 7 days after decannulation (T3). Repeated measures analysis of variance and logistic regression analysis were performed to analyse the data. Results Overall, 120 patients were included in the present study. We obtained the following results on the side ipsilateral to the cannulation: compared with T0, the ratio of PSV U /PSV R  increased significantly at T1 and T2 ( p  &lt; 0.01); compared with T1, the ratio of PSV U /PSV R  decreased significantly at T2 and T3 ( p  &lt; 0.01); compared with T2, the ratio of PSV U /PSV R  decreased significantly at T3 (p &lt; 0.01). Female sex (OR, 2.76; 95% CI, 1.01–7.57;  p  = 0.048) and local hematoma (OR 3.04 [1.12–8.25];  p  = 0.029) were factors that were significantly associated with the recovery of radial artery blood flow 7 days after decannulation. Conclusions There was a compensatory increase in blood flow in the ulnar artery after ipsilateral radial artery decannulation. Female sex and local hematoma formation are factors that may affect the recovery of radial artery blood flow 7 days after catheter removal.

Evaluation of radial and ulnar artery blood flow after radial artery decannulation using colour Doppler ultrasound