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Background  The prognosis of hospitalized patients after emergent endotracheal intubation (ETI) remains poor. Our aim was to evaluate the 30-d hospitalization mortality of subjects undergoing ETI during daytime or off-hours and to analyze the possible risk factors affecting mortality.    Methods  A single-center retrospective study was performed at a university teaching facility from January 2015 to December 2018. All adult inpatients who received ETI in the general ward were included. Information on patient demographics, vital signs, ICU (Intensive care unit) admission, intubation time (daytime or off-hours), the department in which ETI was performed (surgical ward or medical ward), intubation reasons, and 30-d hospitalization mortality after ETI were obtained from a database.    Results  Over a four-year period, 558 subjects were analyzed. There were more male than female in both groups (115 [70.1%] vs 275 [69.8%];  P  = 0.939). A total of 394 (70.6%) patients received ETI during off-hours. The patients who received ETI during the daytime were older than those who received ETI during off-hours (64.95 ± 17.54 vs 61.55 ± 17.49;  P  = 0.037). The BMI of patients who received ETI during the daytime was also higher than that of patients who received ETI during off-hours (23.08 ± 3.38 vs 21.97 ± 3.25;  P  < 0.001). The 30-d mortality after ETI was 66.8% (373), which included 68.0% (268) during off-hours and 64.0% (105) during the daytime ( P  = 0.361). Multivariate Cox regression analysis found that the significant factors for the risk of death within 30 days included ICU admission (HR 0.312, 0.176–0.554) and the department in which ETI was performed (HR 0.401, 0.247–0.653).    Conclusions  The 30-d hospitalization mortality after ETI was 66.8%, and off-hours presentation was not significantly associated with mortality. ICU admission and ETI performed in the surgical ward were significant factors for decreasing the risk of death within 30 days.    Trial registration  This trial was retrospectively registered with the registration number of  ChiCTR2000038549 .

Emergency tracheal intubation during off-hours is not associated with increased mortality in hospitalized patients: a retrospective cohort study