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Background  The current study investigates the effect of bronchoscopy-guided percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy (PDT) on the evolution of respiratory acidosis depending on endotracheal tube (ET) sizes. In addition, the impact of increasing tidal volumes during the intervention was investigated.    Methods  Two groups of ICU-patients undergoing bronchoscopy-guided PDT with varying tidal volumes and tube sizes were consecutively investigated: 6 ml/kg ( N  = 29, mean age 57.4 ± 14.5 years) and 12 ml/kg predicted body weight ( N  = 34, mean age 59.5 ± 12.8 years).    Results  The mean intervention time during all procedures was 10 ± 3 min. The combination of low tidal volumes and ETs of 7.5 mm internal diameter resulted in the most profound increase in PaCO 2  (32.2 ± 11.6 mmHg) and decrease in pH-value (− 0.18 ± 0.05). In contrast, the combination of high tidal volumes and ETs of 8.5 mm internal diameter resulted in the least profound increase in PaCO 2  (8.8 ± 9.0 mmHg) and decrease of pH (− 0.05 ± 0.04). The intervention-related increase in PaCO 2  was significantly lower when using higher tidal volumes for larger ET: internal diameter 7.5, 8.0 and 8.5:  P  > 0.05, =0.006 and = 0.002, respectively. Transcutaneous PCO 2  monitoring revealed steadily worsening hypercapnia during the intervention with a high correlation of 0.87 and a low bias of 0.7 ± 9.4 mmHg according to the Bland-Altman analysis when compared to PaCO 2  measurements.    Conclusions  Profound respiratory acidosis following bronchoscopy-guided PDT evolves in a rapid and dynamic process. Increasing the tidal volume from 6 to 12 ml/kg PBW was capable of attenuating the evolution of respiratory acidosis, but this effect was only evident when using larger ETs.    Trial registration   DRKS00011004 . Registered 20th September 2016.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (10.1186/s12871-019-0824-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Respiratory acidosis during bronchoscopy-guided percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy: impact of ventilator settings and endotracheal tube size