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Background  Not only arterial hypoxemia but acute lung injury also has become the major concerns of one-lung ventilation (OLV). The use of pressure-controlled ventilation (PCV) for OLV offers the potential advantages of lower airway pressure and intrapulmonary shunt, which result in a reduced risk of barotrauma and improved oxygenation, respectively.    Methods  We searched Medline, Embase, the Cochrane central register of controlled trials and KoreaMedto find publications comparing the effects of PCV with those of volume-controlled ventilation (VCV) during intraoperative OLV in adults. A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was performed using the Cochrane Review Methods.    Results  Six studies (259 participants) were included. The PaO 2 /FiO 2  ratio in PCV was higher than in VCV [weighted mean difference (WMD) = 11.04 mmHg, 95 % confidence interval (CI) = 0.30 to 21.77,  P =  0.04, I 2  = 3 %] and peak inspiratory pressure was significantly lower in PCV (WMD = −4.91 cm H 2 O, 95 % CI = −7.30 to –2.53,  P <  0.0001,  I   2  = 91 %). No differences in PaCO 2 , tidal volume, heart rate and blood pressure were observed. There were also no differences incompliance, plateau and mean airway pressure.    Conclusions  Our meta-analysis provided the evidence of improved oxygenation in PCV. However, it is difficult to draw any definitive conclusions due to the fact that the duration of ventilation in the studies reviewed was insufficient to reveal clinically relevant benefits or disadvantages of PCV. Significantly lower peak inspiratory pressure is the advantage of PCV.    Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12871-016-0238-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Comparison of pressure-controlled ventilation with volume-controlled ventilation during one-lung ventilation: a systematic review and meta-analysis