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The genus  Cassia  and  Senna  have been classified under subfamily Caesalpinioideae of family Fabaceae (Leguminosae) of order Fabales. There is a scarce taxonomical studies of the genus  Cassia  and Senna inhabiting Egyptian environments, thus, the main objective of the current was to revise and authenticate the phylogenetic relationship between studied taxa of the species of the genera  Cassia  and  Senna  in Egypt using the recent tools of ITS barcoding, RAPD analysis and metabolic profiling, in comparing to the traditional taxonomical features. From the cluster analysis of the traditional 27 morphological characters, the studied taxa were categorized into two major clades with an average taxonomic distance of 4.3. The clade I include  Cassia fistula, C. renigera ,  C. javanica  L subsp. nodosa and  C. roughiia  that belongs to series Obolospermae, and  C. grandis  that belongs to series Grandes. The clade (II) includes  Senna surattensis  and  S. alata  at taxonomic level 3.6. The taxonomical description of the studied taxa was confirmed from the molecular analysis of ITS sequences and RAPD analysis. The ITS sequences of the tested plants species  C. fistula  L,  C. grandis  MD4,  C. javanica  subsp. nodosa MD7,  C. roxburghii  MD5,  C. renigera  MD5 were deposited at genbank with accession numbers MW367973, MZ960447, MW386305, MW326753 and MW32685, respectively. While, the ITS sequences of the  S. surrattensis  and  S. alata  were deposited into genbank accession # MD14 MW367670 and MD20 MW412635, respectively. Thus, from the molecular analysis, two clades were clearly separated into Clade I of  Cassia  and Clade II of  Senna . The cluster I represented by  C. fistula , C.  renigera ,  C. roxburghii , and  C. javanica  sub  nodosa,  and the cluster II represented by  S. alata  and  S. surattensis.  From the PCA of RAPD, a clearly discrimination between the two Taxa was observed revealing the characteristic grouping of  Cassia  and  Senna . The species  Senna alata  and  Senna surattensis  were grouped together, but the species of  C. renigera ,  C. javanica, C. roxburghii  and  C. grandis  was grouped on a distinct group. The separation of  Cassia  and  Senna  species into two clusters verify the segregation of the genus  Cassia  L. senso lato into two distinct genera namely  Senna  P. and  Cassia  L. The morphological, molecular traits of the studied plants were authenticated from the metabolic profiling by GC-MS analysis. Among the 23 identified metabolites, four compounds namely hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester, 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-ethyl ester and Vitamin E were detected with fluctuated concentrations, among  C. fistula, C. grandis ,  C. javanica  subsp.  nodosa  and  C. roxburghii.  Conclusively, the traditional morphological features, molecular barcoding using ITS sequences, RAPD analysis and metabolic traits by GC-MS analysis, authenticates the taxonomical diversity of the genus  Cassia  and  Senna .

Molecular and metabolic traits of some Egyptian species of Cassia L. and Senna Mill (Fabaceae-Caesalpinioideae)