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Background Salix matsudana  (Koidz.) is a widely planted ornamental allotetraploid tree species. Genetic engineering can be used to enhance the tolerance of this species to soil salinization, endowing varieties with the ability to grow along coastlines, thereby mitigating afforestation and protecting the environment. The AP2/ERF family of transcription factors (TFs) plays multidimensional roles in plant biotic/abiotic stress tolerance and plant development. In this study, we cloned the  SmAP2-17  gene and performed functional analysis of its role in salt tolerance. This study aims to identify key genes for future breeding of stress-resistant varieties of  Salix matsudana . Results SmAP2-17  was predicted to be a homolog of AP2-like ethylene-responsive transcription factor ANT isoform X2 from  Arabidopsis , with a predicted ORF of 2058 bp encoding an estimated protein of 685 amino acids containing two conserved AP2 domains (PF00847.20).  SmAP2-17  had a constitutive expression pattern and was localized to the nucleus. The overexpression of the native  SmAP2-17  CDS sequence in  Arabidopsis  did not increase salt tolerance because of the reduced expression level of ectopic  SmAP2-17 , potentially caused by salt-induced RNAi. Transgenic lines with high expression of optimized  SmAP2-17  CDS under salt stress showed enhanced tolerance to salt. Moreover, the expression of general stress marker genes and important salt stress signaling genes, including  RD29A ,  ABI5 , SOS3,  AtHKT1,  and  RBohF,  were upregulated in  SmAP2-17 -overexpressed lines, with expression levels consistent with that of  SmAP2-17  or optimized  SmAP2-17 . Promoter activity analysis using dual luciferase analysis showed that SmAP2-17 could bind the promoters of  SOS3  and  ABI5  to activate their expression, which plays a key role in regulating salt tolerance. Conclusions The  SmAP2-17  gene isolated from  Salix matsudana  (Koidz.) is a positive regulator that improves the resistance of transgenic plants to salt stress by upregulating  SOS3  and  ABI5  genes. This study provides a potential functional gene resource for future generation of salt-resistant  Salix  lines by genetic engineering.

Overexpression of the Salix matsudana SmAP2-17 gene improves Arabidopsis salinity tolerance by enhancing the expression of SOS3 and ABI5