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Background    Arabidopsis  protein disulfide isomerase 1 ( At PDI1) has been demonstrated to have disulfide isomerase activity and to be involved in the stress response. However, whether the anti-stress function is directly related to the activities of thiol-disulfide exchange remains to be elucidated.    Results  In the present study, encoding sequences of  At PDI1 of wild-type (WT) and double-cysteine-mutants were transformed into an  At PDI1 knockdown  Arabidopsis  line ( pdi ), and homozygous transgenic plants named  pdi - At PDI1,  pdi - At PDI1 m1  and  pdi - At PDI1 m2  were obtained. Compared with the WT and  pdi - At PDI1, the respective germination ratios of  pdi - At PDI1 m1  and  pdi - At PDI1 m2  were significantly lower under abiotic stresses and exogenous ABA treatment, whereas the highest germination rate was obtained with  At PDI1 overexpression in the WT (WT-  At PDI1). The root length among different lines was consistent with the germination rate; a higher germination rate was observed with a longer root length. When seedlings were treated with salt, drought, cold and high temperature stresses,  pdi - At PDI1 m1 ,  pdi - At PDI1 m2  and  pdi  displayed lower survival rates than WT and  At PDI1 overexpression plants. The transcriptional levels of ABA-responsive genes and genes encoding  ROS-quenching  enzymes were lower in  pdi - At PDI1 m1  and  pdi - At PDI1 m2  than in  pdi - At PDI1.    Conclusion  Taken together, these results clearly suggest that the anti-stress function of  At PDI1 is directly related to the activity of disulfide isomerase.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12870-021-03325-7.

The thiol-disulfide exchange activity of AtPDI1 is involved in the response to abiotic stresses