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Background  Drought stress has great negative effects on the plant growth and development. The tolerance of plants to such abiotic stress is triggered by complicated and multilayered signaling pathways to restore cellular homeostasis and to promote survival. The WRKY family is one of the largest transcription factor families in higher plants, and has been well recognized for the roles in regulating plants tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress. However, little is known about how the WRKY genes regulate drought resistance in cotton.    Results  In this work, we identified the WRKY transcription factor  GhWRKY1-like  from upland cotton as a positive regulator of tolerance to drought that directly manipulates abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis. Overexpression of  GhWRKY1-like  in  Arabidopsis  constitutively activated ABA biosynthesis genes, signaling genes, responsive genes and drought related maker genes, and led to enhanced tolerance to drought. Further analysis has shown that GhWRKY1-like can interact with “W-box” cis-elements of the promoters of  AtNCED2 ,  AtNCED5 ,  AtNCED6  and  AtNCED9  which are essential enzymes for ABA biosynthesis, and promotes the expression of those target genes.    Conclusions  In summary, our findings suggest that  GhWRKY1-like  may act as a positive regulator in  Arabidopsis  tolerance to drought via directly interacting with the promoters of  AtNCED2 ,  AtNCED5 ,  AtNCED6  and  AtNCED9  to promote ABA biosynthesis.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12870-021-03238-5.

GhWRKY1-like, a WRKY transcription factor, mediates drought tolerance in Arabidopsis via modulating ABA biosynthesis