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Background  Plant mitochondrial transcription termination factor (mTERF) family members play important roles in development and stress tolerance through regulation of organellar gene expression. However, their molecular functions have yet to be clearly defined.    Results  Here an mTERF gene  V14  was identified by fine mapping using a conditional albino mutant  v14  that displayed albinism only in the first two true leaves, which was confirmed by transgenic complementation tests. Subcellular localization and real-time PCR analyses indicated that  V14  encodes a chloroplastic protein ubiquitously expressed in leaves while spiking in the second true leaf. Chloroplastic gene expression profiling in the pale leaves of  v14  through real-time PCR and Northern blotting analyses showed abnormal accumulation of the unprocessed transcripts covering the  rpoB - rpoC1  and/or  rpoC1 - rpoC2  intercistronic regions accompanied by reduced abundance of the mature  rpoC1  and  rpoC2  transcripts, which encode two core subunits of the plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase (PEP). Subsequent immunoblotting analyses confirmed the reduced accumulation of RpoC1 and RpoC2. A light-inducible photosynthetic gene  psbD  was also found down-regulated at both the mRNA and protein levels. Interestingly, such stage-specific aberrant posttranscriptional regulation and  psbD  expression can be reversed by high temperatures (30 ~ 35 °C), although  V14  expression lacks thermo-sensitivity. Meanwhile, three  V14  homologous genes were found heat-inducible with similar temporal expression patterns, implicating their possible functional redundancy to  V14 .    Conclusions  These data revealed a critical role of V14 in chloroplast development, which impacts, in a stage-specific and thermo-sensitive way, the appropriate processing of  rpoB - rpoC1 - rpoC2  precursors and the expression of certain photosynthetic proteins. Our findings thus expand the knowledge of the molecular functions of rice mTERFs and suggest the contributions of plant mTERFs to photosynthesis establishment and temperature acclimation.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12870-021-03192-2.

A rice mTERF protein V14 sustains photosynthesis establishment and temperature acclimation in early seedling leaves