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Background  Glycolate oxidase (GLO) is not only a key enzyme in photorespiration but also a major engine for H 2 O 2  production in plants. Catalase (CAT)-dependent H 2 O 2  decomposition has been previously reported to be involved in the regulation of IAA biosynthesis. However, it is still not known which mechanism contributed to the H 2 O 2  production in IAA regulation.    Results  In this study, we found that in  glo  mutants of rice, as H 2 O 2  levels decreased IAA contents significantly increased, whereas high CO 2  abolished the difference in H 2 O 2  and IAA contents between  glo  mutants and WT. Further analyses showed that tryptophan (Trp, the precursor for IAA biosynthesis in the Trp-dependent biosynthetic pathway) also accumulated due to increased tryptophan synthetase β (TSB) activity. Moreover, expression of the genes involved in Trp-dependent IAA biosynthesis and IBA to IAA conversion were correspondingly up-regulated, further implicating that both pathways contribute to IAA biosynthesis as mediated by the GLO-dependent production of H 2 O 2 .    Conclusion  We investigated the function of GLO in IAA signaling in different levels from transcription, enzyme activities to metabolic levels. The results suggest that GLO-dependent H 2 O 2  signaling, essentially via photorespiration, confers regulation over IAA biosynthesis in rice plants.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12870-021-03112-4.

Glycolate oxidase-dependent H2O2 production regulates IAA biosynthesis in rice