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Background  The plant U-box (PUB) proteins are a family of ubiquitin ligases (E3) enzymes that involved in diverse biological processes, as well as in responses to plant stress response. However, the characteristics and functional divergence of the  PUB  gene family have not yet been previously studied in the Chinese white pear ( Pyrus bretschneideri ).    Results  In the present study, we identified 62  PbrPUBs  in Chinese white pear genome. Based on the phylogenetic relationship, 62  PUB  genes were clustered into five groups. The results of conserved motif and gene structure analysis supported the classification phylogenetic tree. The  PbrPUB  genes were unevenly distribution on 17 pear chromosomes, chromosome 15 housed most member of  PUB  family, with eight  PUB  genes.  Cis -acting element analysis indicated that  PUB  genes might participate in diverse biological processes, especially in the response to abiotic stresses. Based on RNA-data from ‘Dangshansuli’ at seven tissues, we found that  PUB  genes exhibited diverse of expression level in seven tissues, and qRT-PCR experiment further supported the reliable of RNA-Seq data. To identify candidate genes associated with resistance, we conducted qRT-PCR experiment the expression level of pear seed plant under four abiotic stresses, including: ABA, dehydration, salt and cold treatment. One candidate  PUB  gene associated with dehydration stress was selected to conduct further functional experiment. Subcellular localization revealed PbrPUB18 protein was located on cell nucleus. Furthermore, heterologous over-expression of  PbrPUB18  in  Arabidopsis  indicated that the over-expression of  PbrPUB18  could enhance resistance in drought treatment. In conclusions, we systematically identified the  PUB  genes in pear, and provided useful knowledge for functional identification of  PUB  genes in pear.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12870-021-03024-3.

bmc plant biology

Genome-wide identification and functional analysis of U-box E3 ubiquitin ligases gene family related to drought stress response in Chinese white pear (Pyrus bretschneideri)