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Background  Cytochrome P450s (P450s) are enzymes that play critical roles in the biosynthesis of physiologically important compounds across all organisms. Although they have been characterised in a large number of plant species, no information relating to these enzymes are available from the genus  Fontainea  (family Euphorbiaceae).  Fontainea  is significant as the genus includes species that produce medicinally significant epoxy-tigliane natural products, one of which has been approved as an anti-cancer therapeutic.    Results  A comparative species leaf metabolome analysis showed that  Fontainea  species possess a chemical profile different from various other plant species. The diversity and expression profiles of  Fontainea  P450s were investigated from leaf and root tissue. A total of 103 and 123 full-length  P450  genes in  Fontainea picrosperma  and  Fontainea venosa , respectively (and a further 127/125 partial-length) that were phylogenetically classified into clans, families and subfamilies. The majority of  P450  identified are most active within root tissue (66.2%  F. picrosperma,  65.0%  F. venosa ). Representatives within the CYP71D and CYP726A were identified in  Fontainea  that are excellent candidates for diterpenoid synthesis, of which CYP726A1, CYP726A2 and CYP71D1 appear to be exclusive to  Fontainea  species and were significantly more highly expressed in root tissue compared to leaf tissue.    Conclusion  This study presents a comprehensive overview of the  P450  gene family in  Fontainea  that may provide important insights into the biosynthesis of the medicinally significant epoxy-tigliane diterpenes found within the genus.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12870-021-02958-y.

The P450 multigene family of Fontainea and insights into diterpenoid synthesis