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Background  As important forest tree species, biological stress and soil salinization are important factors that restrict the growth of  Populus × euramericana . WRKYs are important transcription factors in plants that can regulate plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this study,  PeWRKY31  was isolated from  Populus × euramericana , and its bioinformation, salt resistance and insect resistance were analyzed. This study aims to provide guidance for producing salt-resistant and insect-resistant poplars.    Results   PeWRKY31  has a predicted open reading frame (ORF) of 1842 bp that encodes 613 amino acids. The predicted protein is the unstable, acidic, and hydrophilic protein with a molecular weight of 66.34 kDa, and it has numerous potential phosphorylation sites, chiefly on serines and threonines. PeWRKY31 is a zinc-finger C 2 H 2  type-II WRKY TF that is closely related to WRKY TFs of  Populus tomentosa , and localizes to the nucleus. A  PeWRKY3 1 overexpression vector was constructed and transformed into  Nicotiana tabacum  L. Overexpression of  PeWRKY31  improved the salt tolerance and insect resistance of the transgenic tobacco. Transcriptome sequencing and KEGG enrichment analysis showed the elevated expression of genes related to glutathione metabolism, plant hormone signal transduction, and MAPK signaling pathways, the functions of which were important in plant salt tolerance and insect resistance in the overexpressing tobacco line.    Conclusions   PeWRKY31  was isolated from  Populus × euramericana . Overexpression of  PeWRKY31  improved the resistance of transgenic plant to salt stress and pest stress. The study provides references for the generation of stress-resistant lines with potentially great economic benefit.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12870-021-02856-3.

Cloning and overexpression of PeWRKY31 from Populus × euramericana enhances salt and biological tolerance in transgenic Nicotiana