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Background   Saussurea involucrata  survives in extreme arctic conditions and is very cold-resistant. This species grows in rocky, mountainous areas with elevations of 2400–4100 m, which are snow-covered year-round and are subject to freezing temperatures.  S. involucrata ’s ability to survive in an extreme low-temperature environment suggests that it has particularly high photosynthetic efficiency, providing a magnificent model, and rich gene pool, for the analysis of plant cold stress response. Fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) is a key enzyme in the photosynthesis process and also mediates the conversion of fructose 1, 6-bisphosphate (FBP) into dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP) and glycerol triphosphate (GAP) during glycolysis and gluconeogenesis. The molecular mechanisms underlying  S. involucrata ’s cold tolerance are still unclear; therefore, our work aims to investigate the role of FBA in plant cold-stress response.    Results  In this study, we identified a cold-responsive gene,  SiFBA5 , based on a preliminary low-temperature, genome-wide transcriptional profiling of  S. involucrata . Expression analysis indicated that cold temperatures rapidly induced transcriptional expression of  SiFBA5 , suggesting that  SiFBA5  participates in the initial stress response. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that  SiFBA5  is localized to the chloroplast. Transgenic tomato plants that overexpressed  SiFBA5  were generated using a  CaMV  35S promoter. Phenotypic observation suggested that the transgenic plants displayed increased cold tolerance and photosynthetic efficiency in comparison with wild-type plants.    Conclusion  Cold stress has a detrimental impact on crop yield. Our results demonstrated that  SiFBA5  positively regulates plant response to cold stress, which is of great significance for increasing crop yield under cold stress conditions.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12870-021-02851-8.

bmc plant biology

SiFBA5, a cold-responsive factor from Saussurea involucrata promotes cold resilience and biomass increase in transgenic tomato plants under cold stress