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Background  APETALA2/ethylene responsive factor (AP2/ERF) transcription factors are a plant-specific family of transcription factors and one of the largest families of transcription factors. Ethylene response factors (ERF) regulate plant growth, development, and responses to biotic and abiotic stress. In a previous study, the  ERF2  gene was significantly upregulated in both resistant and susceptible tomato cultivars in response to  Stemphylium lycopersici . The main purpose of this study was to systematically analyze the  ERF  family and to explore the mechanism of  ERF2  in tomato plants resisting pathogen infection by the Virus-induced Gene Silencing technique.    Results  In this experiment, 134  ERF  genes were explored and subjected to bioinformatic analysis and divided into twelve groups. The spatiotemporal expression characteristics of  ERF  transcription factor gene family in tomato were diverse. Combined with RNA-seq, we found that the expression of 18  ERF  transcription factors increased after inoculation with  S. lycopersici . In  ERF2 -silenced plants, the susceptible phenotype was observed after inoculation with  S. lycopersici . The hypersensitive response and ROS production were decreased in the  ERF2 -silenced plants. Physiological analyses showed that the superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase activities were lower in  ERF2 -silenced plants than in control plants ,  and the SA and JA contents were lower in  ERF2 -silenced plants than in control plants after inoculation with  S. lycopersici . Furthermore, the results indicated that  ERF2  may directly or indirectly regulate  Pto ,  PR1b1  and  PR-P2  expression and enhance tomato resistance.    Conclusions  In this study, we identified and analyzed members of the tomato  ERF  family by bioinformatics methods and classified, described and analyzed these genes. Subsequently, we used VIGS technology to significantly reduce the expression of  ERF2  in tomatoes. The results showed that  ERF2  had a positive effect on tomato resistance to  S. lycopersici . Interestingly,  ERF2  played a key role in multiple SA, JA and ROS signaling pathways to confer resistance to invasion by  S. lycopersici.  In addition,  ERF2  may directly or indirectly regulate  Pto ,  PR1b1  and  PR-P2  expression and enhance tomato resistance to  S. lycopersici.  In summary, this study provides gene resources for breeding for disease resistance in tomato.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12870-021-02848-3.

Genome-wide identification and functional analysis of the ERF2 gene family in response to disease resistance against Stemphylium lycopersici in tomato