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Background  Most plant viruses rely on vectors for their transmission and spread. One of the outstanding biological questions concerning the vector-pathogen-symbiont multi-trophic interactions is the potential involvement of vector symbionts in the virus transmission process. Here, we used a multi-factorial system containing a non-persistent plant virus, cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), its primary vector, green peach aphid,  Myzus persicae , and the obligate endosymbiont,  Buchnera aphidicola  to explore this uncharted territory.    Results  Based on our preliminary research, we hypothesized that aphid endosymbiont  B. aphidicola  can facilitate CMV transmission by modulating plant volatile profiles. Gene expression analyses demonstrated that CMV infection reduced  B. aphidicola  abundance in  M. persicae , in which lower abundance of  B. aphidicola  was associated with a preference shift in aphids from infected to healthy plants. Volatile profile analyses confirmed that feeding by aphids with lower  B. aphidicola  titers reduced the production of attractants, while increased the emission of deterrents. As a result,  M. persicae  changed their feeding preference from infected to healthy plants.    Conclusions  We conclude that CMV infection reduces the  B. aphidicola  abundance in  M. persicae . When viruliferous aphids feed on host plants, dynamic changes in obligate symbionts lead to a shift in plant volatiles from attraction to avoidance, thereby switching insect vector’s feeding preference from infected to healthy plants.

Aphid endosymbiont facilitates virus transmission by modulating the volatile profile of host plants