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Background  Previous studies have shown that ABFs (abscisic acid-responsive transcription factors) are important ABA-signaling components that participate in abiotic stress response. However, little is known about the function of ABFs in  Triticum aestivum . In addition, although various ABFs have been identified in other species, the phylogenetic relationship between ABF transcription factors has not been systemically investigated in land plants.    Results  In this study, we systemically collected ABFs from land plants and analyzed the phylogenetic relationship of these  ABF  genes. The  ABF  genes are present in all the land plants we investigated, including moss, lycophyte, monocots, and eudicots. Furthermore, these  ABF  genes are phylogenetically divided into seven subgroups, differentiations that are supported by variation in the gene structure, protein properties, and motif patterns. We further demonstrated that the expression of  ABF  genes varies among different tissues and developmental stages, and are induced by one or more environmental stresses. Furthermore, we found that three wheat  ABFs  ( TaABF1 ,  TaABF2,  and  TaABF3 ) were significantly induced by drought stress. Compared with wild-type (WT) plants, transgenic  Arabidopsis  plants overexpressing  TaABF3  displayed enhanced drought tolerance.    Conclusions  These results provide important ground work for understanding the phylogenetic relationships between plant  ABF  genes. Our results also indicate that  TaABFs  may participate in regulating plant response to abiotic stresses.    Supplementary Information  The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12870-020-02783-9.

Genome-wide analysis of the AREB/ABF gene lineage in land plants and functional analysis of TaABF3 in Arabidopsis