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Background  As global warming becomes increasingly severe, it is urgent that we enhance the heat tolerance of crops. We previously reported that  Arabidopsis thaliana  PHOSPHOINOSITIDE-SPECIFIC PHOSPHOLIPASE C9 (AtPLC9) promotes heat tolerance.    Results  In this study, we ectopically expressed  AtPLC9  in rice to examine its potential to improve heat tolerance in this important crop. Whereas AtPLC9 did not improve rice tolerance to salt, drought or cold, transgenic rice did exhibit greater heat tolerance than the wild type. High-throughput RNA-seq revealed extensive and dynamic transcriptome reprofiling in transgenic plants after heat stress. Moreover, the expression of some transcription factors and calcium ion-related genes showed specific upregulation in transgenic rice after heat stress, which might contribute to the enhanced heat tolerance.    Conclusions  This study provides preliminary guidance for using AtPLC9 to improve heat tolerance in cereal crops and, more broadly, highlights that heterologous transformation can assist with molecular breeding.    Supplementary Information   Supplementary information  accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s12870-020-02709-5.

Heterologous expression of heat stress-responsive AtPLC9 confers heat tolerance in transgenic rice