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Background  Peanut is one of the most important oil crop species worldwide. NAC transcription factor (TF) genes play important roles in the salt and drought stress responses of plants by activating or repressing target gene expression. However, little is known about NAC genes in peanut.    Results  We performed a genome-wide characterization of NAC genes from the diploid wild peanut species  Arachis duranensis  and  Arachis ipaensis , which included analyses of chromosomal locations, gene structures, conserved motifs, expression patterns, and  cis -acting elements within their promoter regions. In total, 81 and 79 NAC genes were identified from  A. duranensis  and  A. ipaensis  genomes. Phylogenetic analysis of peanut NACs along with their  Arabidopsis  and rice counterparts categorized these proteins into 18 distinct subgroups. Fifty-one orthologous gene pairs were identified, and 46 orthologues were found to be highly syntenic on the chromosomes of both  A. duranensis  and  A. ipaensis . Comparative RNA sequencing (RNA-seq)-based analysis revealed that the expression of 43 NAC genes was up- or downregulated under salt stress and under drought stress. Among these genes, the expression of 17 genes in cultivated peanut ( Arachis hypogaea ) was up- or downregulated under both stresses. Moreover, quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR)-based analysis revealed that the expression of most of the randomly selected NAC genes tended to be consistent with the comparative RNA-seq results.    Conclusion  Our results facilitated the functional characterization of peanut NAC genes, and the genes involved in salt and drought stress responses identified in this study could be potential genes for peanut improvement.

Comprehensive genomic characterization of NAC transcription factor family and their response to salt and drought stress in peanut