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Background  Cucumber ( Cucumis sativus  L.) is an economically important vegetable crop species. However, it is susceptible to various abiotic and biotic stresses. WRKY transcription factors play important roles in plant growth and development, particularly in the plant response to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, little is known about the expression pattern of  WRKY  genes under different stresses in cucumber.    Results  In the present study, an analysis of the new assembly of the cucumber genome (v3.0) allowed the identification of 61 cucumber  WRKY  genes. Phylogenetic and synteny analyses were performed using related species to investigate the evolution of the cucumber  WRKY  genes. The 61  CsWRKYs  were classified into three main groups, within which the gene structure and motif compositions were conserved. Tissue expression profiles of the  WRKY  genes demonstrated that 24  CsWRKY  genes showed constitutive expression (FPKM > 1 in all samples), and some  WRKY  genes showed organ-specific expression, suggesting that these  WRKYs  might be important for plant growth and organ development in cucumber. Importantly, analysis of the  CsWRKY  gene expression patterns revealed that five  CsWRKY  genes strongly responded to both salt and heat stresses, 12 genes were observed to be expressed in response to infection from downy mildew and powdery mildew, and three  CsWRKY  genes simultaneously responded to all treatments analysed. Some  CsWRKY  genes were observed to be induced/repressed at different times after abiotic or biotic stress treatment, demonstrating that cucumber  WRKY  genes might play different roles during different stress responses and that their expression patterns vary in response to stresses.    Conclusions  Sixty-one  WRKY  genes were identified in cucumber, and insight into their classification, evolution, and expression patterns was gained in this study. Responses to different abiotic and biotic stresses in cucumber were also investigated. Our results provide a better understanding of the function of  CsWRKY  genes in improving abiotic and biotic stress resistance in cucumber.

bmc plant biology

Genome-wide analysis of the WRKY gene family in the cucumber genome and transcriptome-wide identification of WRKY transcription factors that respond to biotic and abiotic stresses