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Background  Tomatoes ( Lycopersicon esculentum  Mill) are key foods, and their molecular biology and evolution have been well described. Tomato plants originated in the tropics and, thus, are cold sensitive.    Results  Here, we generated  LeGPA1  overexpressing and RNA-interference (RNAi) transgenic tomato plants, which we then used to investigate the function of  LeGPA1  in response to cold stress. Functional LeGPA1 was detected at the plasma membrane, and endogenous  LeGPA1  was highly expressed in the roots and leaves. Cold treatment positively induced the expression of  LeGPA1 . Overexpression of  LeGPA1  conferred tolerance to cold conditions and regulated the expression of genes related to the INDUCER OF CBF EXPRESSION-C-REPEAT-BINDING FACTOR (ICE-CBF) pathway in tomato plants. In the  LeGPA1- overexpressing transgenic plants, the superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and catalase activities and soluble sugar and proline contents were increased, and the production of reactive oxygen species and membrane lipid peroxidation decreased under cold stress.    Conclusions  Our findings suggest that improvements in antioxidant systems can help plants cope with the oxidative damage caused by cold stress, thereby stabilizing cell membrane structures and increasing the rate of photosynthesis. The data presented here provide evidence for the key role of  LeGPA1  in mediating cold signal transduction in plant cells. These findings extend our knowledge of the roles of G-proteins in plants and help to clarify the mechanisms through which growth and development are regulated in processing tomato plants.

Heterotrimeric G-protein α subunit (LeGPA1) confers cold stress tolerance to processing tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)