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Background  Salt and drought are the main abiotic stresses that restrict the yield of crops. Peroxidases (PRXs) are involved in various abiotic stress responses. Furthermore, only few wheat PRXs have been characterized in the mechanism of the abiotic stress response.    Results  In this study, a novel wheat peroxidase (PRX) gene named  TaPRX-2A,  a member of wheat class III PRX gene family, was cloned and its response to salt stress was characterized. Based on the identification and evolutionary analysis of class III PRXs in 12 plants, we proposed an evolutionary model for  TaPRX-2A , suggesting that occurrence of some exon fusion events during evolution. We also detected the positive selection of PRX domain in 13 PRXs involving our evolutionary model, and found 2 or 6 positively selected sites during  TaPRX-2A  evolution. Quantitative reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (qRT–PCR) results showed that  TaPRX-2A  exhibited relatively higher expression levels in root tissue than those exhibited in leaf and stem tissues.  TaPRX-2A  expression was also induced by abiotic stresses and hormone treatments such as polyethylene glycol 6000, NaCl, hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), salicylic acid (SA), methyljasmonic acid (MeJA) and abscisic acid (ABA). Transgenic wheat plants with overexpression of  TaPRX-2A  showed higher tolerance to salt stress than wild-type (WT) plants. Confocal microscopy revealed that  TaPRX-2A -eGFP was mainly localized in cell nuclei. Survival rate, relative water content, and shoot length were higher in  TaPRX-2A -overexpressing wheat than in the WT wheat, whereas root length was not significantly different. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) were enhanced in  TaPRX-2A -overexpressing wheat compared with those in the WT wheat, resulting in the reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and malondialdehyde (MDA) content. The expression levels of downstream stress-related genes showed that  RD22 ,  TLP4 ,  ABAI ,  GST22 ,  FeSOD , and  CAT  exhibited higher expressions in  TaPRX-2A -overexpressing wheat than in WT under salt stress.    Conclusions  The results show that  TaPRX-2A  plays a positive role in the response to salt stress by scavenging ROS and regulating stress-related genes.

A member of wheat class III peroxidase gene family, TaPRX-2A, enhanced the tolerance of salt stress