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Background  Chloroplasts play an important role in plant growth and development. The chloroplast genome contains approximately twenty group II introns that are spliced due to proteins encoded by nuclear genes. CAF2 is one of these splicing factors that has been shown to splice group IIB introns in maize and  Arabidopsis thaliana.  However, the research of the  OsCAF2  gene in rice is very little, and the effects of  OsCAF2  genes on chloroplasts development are not well characterized.    Results  In this study,  oscaf2  mutants were obtained by editing the  OsCAF2  gene in the  Nipponbare  variety of rice. Phenotypic analysis showed that mutations to  OsCAF2  led to albino leaves at the seeding stage that eventually caused plant death, and  oscaf2  mutant plants had fewer chloroplasts and damaged chloroplast structure. We speculated that  OsCAF2  might participate in the splicing of group IIA and IIB introns, which differs from its orthologs in  A. thaliana  and maize. Through yeast two-hybrid experiments, we found that the C-terminal region of OsCAF2 interacted with OsCRS2 and formed an OsCAF2-OsCRS2 complex. In addition, the N-terminal region of OsCAF2 interacted with itself to form homodimers.    Conclusion  Taken together, this study improved our understanding of the OsCAF2 protein, and revealed additional information about the molecular mechanism of OsCAF2 in regulating of chloroplast development in rice.

OsCAF2 contains two CRM domains and is necessary for chloroplast development in rice