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Background  Members of the plant-specific  SPL  gene family (squamosa promoter-binding protein -like) contain the SBP conserved domain and are involved in the regulation of plant growth and development, including the development of plant flowers and plant epidermal hair, the plant stress response, and the synthesis of secondary metabolites. This family has been identified in various plants. However, there is no systematic analysis of the  SPL  gene family at the genome-wide level of wheat.    Results  In this study, 56 putative  TaSPL  genes were identified using the comparative genomics method; we renamed them  TaSPL001  -  TaSPL056  on their chromosomal distribution. According to the un-rooted neighbor joining phylogenetic tree, gene structure and motif analyses, the 56  TaSPL  genes were divided into 8 subgroups. A total of 81  TaSPL  gene pairs were designated as arising from duplication events and 64 interacting protein branches were identified as involve in the protein interaction network. The expression patterns of 21 randomly selected  TaSPL  genes in different tissues (roots, stems, leaves and inflorescence) and under 4 treatments (abscisic acid, gibberellin, drought and salt) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).    Conclusions  The wheat genome contains 56  TaSPL  genes and those in same subfamily share similar gene structure and motifs.  TaSPL  gene expansion occurred through segmental duplication events. Combining the results of transcriptional and qRT-PCR analyses, most of these  TaSPL  genes were found to regulate inflorescence and spike development. Additionally, we found that 13  TaSPLs  were upregulated by abscisic acid, indicating that  TaSPL  genes play a positive role in the abscisic acid-mediated pathway of the seedling stage. This study provides comprehensive information on the  SPL  gene family of wheat and lays a solid foundation for elucidating the biological functions of  TaSPLs  and improvement of wheat yield.

Genome-wide identification, phylogeny and expression analysis of the SPL gene family in wheat