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Backgrounds  C2H2-type zinc finger protein (ZFPs) form a relatively large family of transcriptional regulators in plants, and play many roles in plant growth, development, and stress response. However, the comprehensive analysis of C2H2 ZFPs in cucumber ( CsZFPs ) and their regulation function in cucumber are still lacking.    Results  In the current study, the whole genome identification and characterization of  CsZFPs , including the gene structure, genome localization, phylogenetic relationship, and gene expression were performed. Functional analysis of 4 selected genes by transient transformation were also conducted. A total of 129 full-length  CsZFPs  were identified, which could be classified into four groups according to the phylogenetic analysis. The 129  CsZFPs  unequally distributed on 7 chromosomes. Promoter  cis -element analysis showed that the  CsZFPs  might involve in the regulation of phytohormone and/or abiotic stress response, and 93  CsZFPs  were predicted to be targeted by one to 20 miRNAs. Moreover, the subcellular localization analysis indicated that 10 tested CsZFPs located in the nucleus and the transcriptome profiling analysis of  CsZFPs  demonstrated that these genes are involved in root and floral development, pollination and fruit spine. Furthermore, the transient overexpression of  Csa1G085390  and  Csa7G071440  into  Nicotiana benthamiana  plants revealed that they could decrease and induce leave necrosis in response to pathogen attack, respectively, and they could enhance salt and drought stresses through the initial induction of H 2 O 2 . In addition,  Csa4G642460  and  Csa6G303740  could induce cell death after 5 days transformation.    Conclusions  The identification and function analysis of  CsZFPs  demonstrated that some key individual  CsZFPs  might play essential roles in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. These results could lay the foundation for understanding the role of  CsZFPs  in cucumber development for future genetic engineering studies.

Genome-wide characterization of the C2H2 zinc-finger genes in Cucumis sativus and functional analyses of four CsZFPs in response to stresses