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Background  Heat shock transcription factors ( Hsf s) are present in majority of plants and play central roles in thermotolerance, transgenerational thermomemory, and many other stress responses. Our previous paper identified at least 82  H sf members in a genome-wide study on wheat ( Triticum aestivum  L.). In this study, we analyzed the  Hsf  expression profiles in the advanced development stages of wheat, isolated the markedly heat-responsive gene  TaHsfA2–10  (GenBank accession number MK922287), and characterized this gene and its role in thermotolerance regulation in seedlings of  Arabidopsis thaliana  (L. Heynh.) .Results  In the advanced development stages, wheat  Hsf  family transcription profiles exhibit different expression patterns and varying heat-responses in leaves and roots, and  Hsf s are constitutively expressed to different degrees under the normal growth conditions. Overall, the majority of group A and B  Hsf s are expressed in leaves while group C  Hsf s are expressed at higher levels in roots. The expression of a few  Hsf  genes could not be detected. Heat shock (HS) caused upregulation about a quarter of genes in leaves and roots, while a number of genes were downregulated in response to HS. The highly heat-responsive gene  TaHsfA2–10  was isolated through homeologous cloning. qRT-PCR revealed that  TaHsfA2–10  is expressed in a wide range of tissues and organs of different development stages of wheat under the normal growth conditions. Compared to non-stress treatment,  TaHsfA2–10  was highly upregulated in response to HS, H 2 O 2,  and salicylic acid (SA), and was downregulated by abscisic acid (ABA) treatment in two-leaf-old seedlings. Transient transfection of tobacco epidermal cells revealed subcellular localization of  TaHsfA2–10  in the nucleus under the normal growth conditions. Phenotypic observation indicated that  TaHsfA2–10  could improve both basal thermotolerance and acquired thermotolerance of transgenic  Arabidopsis thaliana  seedlings and rescue the thermotolerance defect of the T-DNA insertion mutant  athsfa2  during HS. Compared to wild type (WT) seedlings, the  TaHsfA2–10 -overexpressing lines displayed both higher chlorophyll contents and higher survival rates. Yeast one-hybrid assay results revealed that  TaHsfA2–10  had transactivation activity. The expression levels of thermotolerance-related  AtHsps  in the  TaHsfA2–10  transgeinc  Arabidopsis thaliana  were higher than those in WT after HS.    Conclusions  Wheat  Hsf  family members exhibit diversification and specificity of transcription expression patterns in advanced development stages under the normal conditions and after HS. As a markedly responsive transcriptional factor to HS, SA and H 2 O 2 , TaHsfA2–10 involves in thermotolerance regulation of plants through binding to the HS responsive element in promoter domain of relative  Hsps  and upregulating the expression of  Hsp  genes.

bmc plant biology

Heat-response patterns of the heat shock transcription factor family in advanced development stages of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and thermotolerance-regulation by TaHsfA2–10