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Background  Calvin cycle plays a crucial role in carbon fixation which provides the precursors of organic macromolecules for plant growth and development. Currently, no gene involved in Calvin cycle has been identified in monocotyledonous plants through mutant or/and map-based cloning approach.    Results  Here, we isolated a low-tillering mutant,  c6635 , in rice ( Oryza sativa ). The mutant displayed light green leaves and intensely declined pigment contents and photosynthetic capacity at early growth stage. Moreover, its individual plant showed a much smaller size, and most individuals produced only two tillers. At mature stage, its productive panicles, grain number and seed setting rate were significantly decreased, which lead to a sharp reduction of the grain yield. We confirmed that a single nucleotide mutation in  LOC_Os04g16680  gene encoding sedoheptulose 1,7-bisphosphatase (SBPase) involved in Calvin cycle was responsible for the mutant phenotype of  c6635  through map-based cloning, MutMap analysis and complementation experiments .  Sequence analysis suggested that the point mutation caused an amino acid change from Gly-364 to Asp at the C-terminal of SBPase. In addition,  OsSBPase  gene was mainly expressed in leaf, and the encoded protein was located in chloroplast. The mutation of  OsSBPase  could significantly affect expression levels of some key genes involved in Calvin cycle.    Conclusions  We successfully identified a  SBP ase gene in monocotyledonous plants. Meanwhile, we demonstrated that a single nucleotide substitution at the 3′-end of this gene severely affects plant growth and grain yield, implying that the Gly-364 at the C-terminal of SBPase could play an important role in SBPase function in rice.

A single nucleotide substitution at the 3′-end of SBPase gene involved in Calvin cycle severely affects plant growth and grain yield in rice