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Background  Cold stress inhibits normal physiological metabolism in plants, thereby seriously affecting plant development. Meanwhile, plants also actively adjust their metabolism and development to adapt to changing environments. Several cold tolerance regulators have been found to participate in the regulation of plant development. Previously, we reported that BYPASS1-LIKE (B1L), a DUF793 family protein, participates in the regulation of cold tolerance, at least partly through stabilizing C-REPEAT BINDING FACTORS (CBFs). In this study, we found that B1L interacts with TRANSTHYRETIN-LIKE (TTL) protein, which is involved in brassinosteroid (BR)-mediated plant growth and catalyses the synthesis of S-allantoin, and both proteins participate in modulating plant growth and cold tolerance.    Results  The results obtained with yeast two hybrid (Y2H) and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) assays showed that B1L directly interacted with TTL. Similar to the  ttl-1  and  ttl-2  mutants, the  b1l  mutant displayed a longer hypocotyl and greater fresh weight than wild type, whereas B1L-overexpressing lines exhibited a shorter hypocotyl and reduced fresh weight. Moreover,  ttl-1  displayed freezing tolerance to cold treatment compared with WT, whereas the  b1l  mutant and TTL-overexpressing lines were freezing-sensitive. The  b1l ttl  double mutant had a developmental phenotype and freezing tolerance that were highly similar to those of  ttl-1  compared to  b1l , indicating that TTL is important for B1L function. Although low concentrations of brassinolide (0.1 or 1 nM) displayed similarly promoted hypocotyl elongation of WT and  b1l  under normal temperature, it showed less effect to the hypocotyl elongation of  b1l  than to that of WT under cold conditions. In addition, the  b1l  mutant also contained less amount of allantoin than Col-0.    Conclusion  Our results indicate that B1L and TTL co-regulate development and cold tolerance in  Arabidopsis , and BR and allantoin may participate in these processes through B1L and TTL.

TRANSTHYRETIN-LIKE and BYPASS1-LIKE co-regulate growth and cold tolerance in Arabidopsis