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Backgroud  Many Gram-negative bacteria use  N -acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) to communicate each other and to coordinate their collective behaviors. Recently, accumulating evidence shows that host plants are able to sense and respond to bacterial AHLs. Once primed, plants are in an altered state that enables plant cells to more quickly and/or strongly respond to subsequent pathogen infection or abiotic stress.    Results  In this study, we report that pretreatment with  N -3-oxo-octanoyl-homoserine lactone (3OC8-HSL) confers resistance against the pathogenic bacterium  Pseudomonas syringae  pv.  tomato  DC3000 ( Pst DC3000) in Arabidopsis. Pretreatment with 3OC8-HSL and subsequent pathogen invasion triggered an augmented burst of hydrogen peroxide, salicylic acid accumulation, and fortified expression of the pathogenesis-related genes  PR1  and  PR5 . Upon  Pst DC3000 challenge, plants treated with 3OC8-HSL showed increased activities of defense-related enzymes including peroxidase, catalase, phenylalanine ammonialyase, and superoxide dismutase. In addition, the 3OC8-HSL-primed resistance to  Pst DC3000 in wild-type plants was impaired in plants expressing the bacterial  NahG  gene and in the  npr1  mutant. Moreover, the expression levels of isochorismate synthases ( ICS1 ), a critical salicylic acid biosynthesis enzyme, and two regulators of its expression,  SARD1  and  CBP60g , were potentiated by 3OC8-HSL pretreatment followed by pathogen inoculation.    Conclusions  Our data indicate that 3OC8-HSL primes the Arabidopsis defense response upon hemibiotrophic bacterial infection and that 3OC8-HSL-primed resistance is dependent on the SA signaling pathway. These findings may help establish a novel strategy for the control of plant disease.

bmc plant biology

N-3-oxo-octanoyl-homoserine lactone-mediated priming of resistance to Pseudomonas syringae requires the salicylic acid signaling pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana