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Background  Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by the fungus  Fusarium graminearum  Schwabe and stripe rust caused by  Puccinia striiformis  f. sp.  tritici  are devastating diseases that affect wheat production worldwide. The use of disease-resistant genes and cultivars is the most effective means of reducing fungicide applications to combat these diseases.  Elymus repens  (2 n  = 6 x  = 42, StStStStHH) is a potentially useful germplasm of FHB and stripe rust resistance for wheat improvement.    Results  Here, we report the development and characterization of two wheat –E. repens  lines derived from the progeny of common wheat– E. repens  hybrids. Cytological studies indicated that the mean chromosome configuration of K15–1192-2 and K15–1194-2 at meiosis were 2 n  = 42 = 0.86 I + 17.46 II (ring) + 3.11 II (rod) and 2 n  = 42 = 2.45 I + 14.17 II (ring) + 5.50 II (rod) + 0.07 III, respectively. Genomic and fluorescence in situ hybridization karyotyping and simple sequence repeats markers revealed that K15–1192-2 was a wheat– E. repens  3D/?St double terminal chromosomal translocation line. Line K15–1194-2 was identified as harboring a pair of 7DS/?StL Robertsonian translocations and one 3D/?St double terminal translocational chromosome. Further analyses using specific expressed sequence tag-SSR markers confirmed that the wheat– E. repens  translocations involved the 3St chromatin in both lines. Furthermore, compared with the wheat parent Chuannong16, K15–1192-2 and K15–1194-2 expressed high levels of resistance to FHB and stripe rust pathogens prevalent in China.    Conclusions  Thus, this study has determined that the chromosome 3St of  E. repens  harbors gene(s) highly resistant to FHB and stripe rust, and chromatin of 3St introgressed into wheat chromosomes completely presented the resistance, indicating the feasibility of using these translocation lines as novel material for breeding resistant wheat cultivars and alien gene mining.

Molecular cytogenetic characterization of wheat–Elymus repens chromosomal translocation lines with resistance to Fusarium head blight and stripe rust