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Background  Filmy-ferns (Hymenophyllaceae) are poikilohydric, homoiochlorophyllous desiccation-tolerant (DT) epiphytes. They can colonize lower and upper canopy environments of humid forest. Filmy-ferns desiccate rapidly (hours), contrasting with DT angiosperms (days/weeks). It has been proposed that desiccation tolerance in filmy-ferns would be associated mainly with constitutive features rather than induced responses during dehydration. However, we hypothesize that the inter-specific differences in vertical distribution would be associated with different dynamics of gene expression within the dehydration or rehydration phases. A comparative transcriptomic analysis with an artificial neural network was done on  Hymenophyllum caudiculatum  (restricted to lower canopy) and  Hymenophyllum dentatum  (reach upper canopy) during a desiccation/rehydration cycle.    Results  Raw reads were assembled into 69,599 transcripts for  H. dentatum  and 34,726 transcripts for  H. caudiculatum . Few transcripts showed significant changes in differential expression (DE).  H. caudiculatum  had ca. twice DE genes than  H. dentatum  and higher proportion of increased-and-decreased abundance of genes occurs during dehydration. In contrast, the abundance of genes in  H. dentatum  decreased significantly when transitioning from dehydration to rehydration. According to the artificial neural network results,  H. caudiculatum  enhanced osmotic responses and phenylpropanoid related pathways, whilst  H. dentatum  enhanced its defense system responses and protection against high light stress.    Conclusions  Our findings provide a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying the desiccation tolerance responses of two filmy ferns and the relationship between the species-specific response and the microhabitats these ferns occupy in nature.

bmc plant biology

A comparative gene co-expression analysis using self-organizing maps on two congener filmy ferns identifies specific desiccation tolerance mechanisms associated to their microhabitat preference